Obesity and Circadian Cycle of Sleep and Wakefulness: Common Points and Prospects of Therapy

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity in recent years has assumed the character of a non-communicable epidemic. Wherein, the standard approaches for its treatment are not always successful. Meanwhile, obesity remains one of the main causes of the formation of a number of some serious diseases, such as cardiovascular, diabetes, cancer, etc. and death from them. In search of alternative and more adequate methods of obesity treatment and preventing its complications, recent studies are aimed at further identifying new associations and revealing the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying excessive weight gain. It should be noted an increasing amount of chronobiological studies that raised awareness of the key role of the body’s circadian rhythms and its main regulator, melatonin, responsible for the temporary organization of the main physiological (including metabolism) processes throughout the 24-h day, in the development and progression of obesity. This review is devoted to the consideration of mutually directed interactions between the circadian system and metabolism; attempts have been made to explain the role of sleep-wake cycle disruptions in the excess accumulation of adipose tissue and the formation of obesity and its comorbidities, as well as detailed therapeutic principles based on normalizing disruption of body clocks using time-coordinated approaches to food intake, physical activity, the effects of non-drug methods and pharmacological substances (chronobiotics), which represents a novel and promising ways to prevent or treat obesity and associated diseases.