1. 1. The National Military Strategy of the United States of America: A Strategy for Today; A Vision for Tomorrow (Washington, DC: Joint Chiefs of Staff, 2004).
2. 2. Defense Planning Guidance (Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 2006-11); and Quadrennial Defense Review Report (Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 2006). The Defense Planning Guidance is currently classified secret.
3. 3. Kerry B. Fosher and Lauren Mackenzie, eds., The Rise and Decline of Military Culture Programs, 2004-2020 (Quantico, VA: Marine Corps University Press, 2021).
4. 4. For more on great power competition, see Donald J. Trump, National Security Strategy of the United States of America, December 2017 (Washington, DC: White House, 2017); James N. Mattis, Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America: Sharpening the American Military's Competitive Edge (Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 2018); and Renewed Great Power Competition: Implications for Defense-Issues for Congress (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2021).
5. 5. In this article, the term professional development refers to systematic efforts by an organization or professional body to develop knowledge, skills, and behaviors in personnel. Professional development encompasses training, education, and experiential assignments that serve a developmental purpose. Consistent with Army Training and Leader Development, Army Regulation 350-1 (Washington, DC: Department of the Army, 2017), training refers to structured, formal activities to improve performance of tasks, behaviors, or skills for known situations and specific conditions. Education refers to structured formal activities to improve knowledge, skills, abilities, or experiences to prepare personnel for a range of situations and conditions.