Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies and chronic Q fever among post-mortal and living donors of tissues and cells from 2010 to 2015 in the Netherlands

Author:

van Roeden Sonja E1,Holsboer Eleonoor W2,Oosterheert Jan Jelrik1,van Kats Jorge P3,van Beckhoven Jacqueline4,Hogema Boris M5,van Wijk Marja J6

Affiliation:

1. Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

2. Dutch Transplant Foundation, Leiden, The Netherlands

3. BISLIFE Foundation, Leiden (previously Sanquin Bone Bank, Nijmegen), The Netherlands

4. Sanquin Cord Blood Bank, Leiden, The Netherlands

5. Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

6. Sanquin Plasma Products, Amsterdam (previously BISLIFE Foundation, Leiden), The Netherlands

Abstract

Background After a large Q fever outbreak in the Netherlands in the period from 2007 to 2010, the risk of Q fever transmission through tissue and cell transplantation from undiagnosed chronic Q fever cases became a potential issue. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the risk of Q fever transmission through tissue and cell transplantation. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational cohort study among 15,133 Dutch donors of tissues and stem cells from 2010 to 2015 to assess seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii antibodies, to identify factors associated with presence of C. burnetii antibodies, and to assess the proportion of undiagnosed chronic Q fever cases. Results: The study population consisted of 9,478 (63%) femoral head donors, 5,090 (34%) post-mortal tissue donors and 565 (4%) cord blood donors. Seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies gradually decreased after the outbreak, from 2.1% in 2010 to 1.4% in 2015, with a significant trend in time (p < 0.001). Of 301 seropositive donors, seven (2.3%) were newly detected with chronic Q fever (0.05% of all screened donors). Conclusion: This study shows that seroprevalence of C. burnetii antibodies among donors of tissues and cells in the Netherlands after 2014 was similar to pre-outbreak levels in the general population. The proportion of newly detected chronic Q fever patients among donors of tissues and cells was smaller than 0.1%. This study may prompt discussion on when to terminate the screening programme for chronic Q fever in donors of tissues and cells in the Netherlands.

Publisher

European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC)

Subject

Virology,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Epidemiology

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