Pertussis outbreak in neonates and young infants across Italy, January to May 2024: implications for vaccination strategies

Author:

Poeta Marco12,Moracas Cristina31,Albano Chiara4,Petrarca Laura5,Maglione Marco6,Pierri Luca7,Carta Maurizio8,Montaldo Paolo9,Venturini Elisabetta10,De Luca Maia11,Buonsenso Danilo12,Brambilla Ilaria13,Giacomet Vania14,Lo Vecchio Andrea12,Bruzzese Eugenia12,Midulla Fabio5,Colomba Claudia154,Guarino Alfredo12

Affiliation:

1. Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Maternal and Child health, University Hospital “Federico II”, Naples, Italy

2. Department of Translational Medical Science, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy

3. PhD National Program in One Health approaches to infectious diseases and life science research, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

4. Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

5. Department of Maternal, Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

6. Pediatric Emergency Department, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

7. Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Neonatology, Emergency Department, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, Naples, Italy

8. Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Policlinico “Paolo Giaccone”, Palermo, Italy

9. Department of Woman, Child, and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli,” Naples, Italy

10. Infectious Diseases Unit, Meyer Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Florence, Italy

11. Infectious Disease Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy

12. Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Clinical Pediatric Ultrasound, Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy

13. Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy

14. Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, L. Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

15. Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, “G. Di Cristina” Hospital, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy

Abstract

Since January 2024, Italy experiences a pertussis outbreak, primarily affecting neonates and unvaccinated infants at high risk of severe complications and mortality; 11 major paediatric centres noted 108 hospitalisations and three deaths by 10 May. The outbreak reflects increased circulation of Bordetella pertussis and non-adherence to immunisation recommendations during pregnancy. Public health interventions, including maternal immunisation, vaccination of infants as early as possible and post-exposure prophylaxis, are critical for reducing the burden of pertussis and preventing further mortality.

Publisher

European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC)

Reference17 articles.

1. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Increase of pertussis cases in the EU/EEA. Stockholm: ECDC; 2024. Available from: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/Increase%20in%20pertussis%20cases%20in%20the%20EU-EEA%20-%20May%202024%20FINAL.pdf

2. Predictors of disease severity in children hospitalized for pertussis during an epidemic.;Marshall;Pediatr Infect Dis J,2015

3. RSV through the COVID-19 pandemic: burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future.;Stein;Pediatr Pulmonol,2023

4. The impact of COVID-19 and masking practices on pertussis cases at a large academic medical center (2019-2021).;Sandoval;Am J Infect Control,2023

5. Pertussis epidemic in Denmark, August 2023 to February 2024.;Nordholm;Euro Surveill,2024

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