Worrying increase in the risk of vertical transmission of syphilis in Croatia, 2020 to 2024

Author:

Nemeth Blažić Tatjana1ORCID,Krajcar Nina2ORCID,Kosanović Ličina Mirjana Lana3ORCID,Ljubas Dominik2,Mardh Otilia4,Božičević Ivana5ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia

2. University Hospital for Infectious Diseases ‘Dr Fran Mihaljević’, Zagreb, Croatia

3. Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia

4. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden

5. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for HIV Strategic Information, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia

Abstract

Four infants potentially exposed to syphilis infection in utero, meeting World Health Organization surveillance criteria of congenital syphilis (CS), were diagnosed in Croatia between September 2020 and January 2024. We conducted a retrospective analysis of epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data of these cases to assess compliance with surveillance case definitions. As only one confirmed CS case has been reported in Croatia in over 2 decades, these reports signal an increased risk of syphilis vertical transmission and warrant strengthening antenatal screening.

Publisher

European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC)

Reference16 articles.

1. Syphilis transmission: a review of the current evidence.;Stoltey;Sex Health,2015

2. World Health Organization (WHO). Global guidance on criteria and processes for validation: Elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B. Geneva: WHO; 2021. Available from: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/349550/9789240039360-eng.pdf?sequence=1

3. Nemeth Blažić T. Epidemiologija spolno prenosivih infekcija u Hrvatskoj i svijetu. [Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections in Croatia and the world.] 12. Croatian congress on urogenital and sexually transmitted infections with international participation. Zagreb: University Hospital for Infectious Diseases “Dr. Fran Mihaljević”; 2024. Croatian. Available from: https://www.croris.hr/crosbi/publikacija/prilog-skup/836816

4. European Commission (EC). Commission implementing decision (EU) 2018/945 of 22 June 2018 on the communicable diseases and related special health issues to be covered by epidemiological surveillance as well as relevant case definitions. Official Journal of the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. 6.7. 2018:L 170/44. Available from: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018D0945&from=EN#page=44

5. Croatian Institute of Public Health (CIPH). Definicije zaraznih bolesti koje se obvezno prijavljuju [Surveillance case definitions of communicable diseases that must be reported]. Zagreb: Croatian Institute of Public Health; 2024. Croatian. Available from: https://www.hzjz.hr/sluzba-epidemiologija-zarazne-bolesti/definicije-zaraznih-bolesti-koje-se-obavezno-prijavljuju

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