Mobile vaccination units to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake in areas with lower coverage: a within-neighbourhood analysis using national registration data, the Netherlands, September–December 2021

Author:

Lambooij Mattijs S12,Pijpers Joyce3,van de Kassteele Jan4,Fransen Mirjam P52,Hahné Susan JM3,Hof Niek6,Kroese Floor M72,de Melker Hester3,van Dijk Mart2,Uiters Ellen8,de Bruin Marijn92

Affiliation:

1. Erasmus University, Erasmus School of Health Policy and Management, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

2. Centre for Prevention, Lifestyle and Health, Department Behaviour & Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands

3. Centre for Epidemiology and Surveillance of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands

4. Department of Statistics, Data Science and Mathematical Modelling, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands

5. Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands

6. Dutch National Coordination for COVID-19 Control, The Hague, the Netherlands

7. Utrecht University, Department of Social, Health and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht, the Netherlands

8. Centre for Food, Prevention and Health Care, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands

9. Radboud University Medical Centre, Institute of Health Sciences, IQ Health, Nijmegen, the Netherlands

Abstract

Background Vaccine uptake differs between social groups. Mobile vaccination units (MV-units) were deployed in the Netherlands by municipal health services in neighbourhoods with low uptake of COVID-19 vaccines. Aim We aimed to evaluate the impact of MV-units on vaccine uptake in neighbourhoods with low vaccine uptake. Methods We used the Dutch national-level registry of COVID-19 vaccinations (CIMS) and MV-unit deployment registrations containing observations in 253 neighbourhoods where MV-units were deployed and 890 contiguous neighbourhoods (total observations: 88,543 neighbourhood-days). A negative binomial regression with neighbourhood-specific temporal effects using splines was used to study the effect. Results During deployment, the increase in daily vaccination rate in targeted neighbourhoods ranged from a factor 2.0 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8–2.2) in urbanised neighbourhoods to 14.5 (95% CI: 11.6–18.0) in rural neighbourhoods. The effects were larger in neighbourhoods with more voters for the Dutch conservative Reformed Christian party but smaller in neighbourhoods with a higher proportion of people with non-western migration backgrounds. The absolute increase in uptake over the complete intervention period ranged from 0.22 percentage points (95% CI: 0.18–0.26) in the most urbanised neighbourhoods to 0.33 percentage point (95% CI: 0.28–0.37) in rural neighbourhoods. Conclusion Deployment of MV-units increased daily vaccination rate, particularly in rural neighbourhoods, with longer travel distance to permanent vaccination locations. This public health intervention shows promise to reduce geographic and social health inequalities, but more proactive and long-term deployment is required to identify its potential to substantially contribute to overall vaccination rates at country level.

Publisher

European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (ECDC)

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