Evaluation of the applicability of immunochromatography to the identification of live plague vaccines and the tularaemia allergen (Tularin)

Abstract

The regulatory standards require that the identification of live plague vaccines and the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin) should be performed by immunofluorescence. A major drawback of the recommended method is its labour intensive nature. However, immunochromatography represents an alternative method that offers a number of advantages, including rapid testing and easy result interpretation. The aim of the study was to assess the applicability of immunochromatography to the identification of live plague vaccines and the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin).Materials and methods. The authors performed identification tests using samples of the pharmacopoeia standard for live plague vaccines, three commercial batches of a live plague vaccine, and two batches of the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin). These samples were tested using immunochromatographic assay (ICA) reagent kits for rapid detection and identification of Yersinia pestis (ICA System for Y. pestis) and Francisella tularensis (ICA System for F. tularensis) manufactured by the State Scientific Center for Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.Results. The findings show that immunochromatography is an effective, rapid, and species-specific method to confirm the presence of Y. pestis in a sample of a live plague vaccine or F. tularensis in a sample of the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin). To perform identification tests by immunochromatography, the authors recommend diluting live plague vaccine samples to a concentration of 109 bacterial cells/mL and using undiluted samples of the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin).Conclusions. The study results may support the inclusion of ICA into the regulatory standards for live plague vaccines and the liquid tularaemia allergen (Tularin) as an alternative identification method.