Effects of High External Concentrations of K+ on 86Rb+ Efflux in Human Platelets: Evidence for Na+/K+/2Cl− Co-Transport

Abstract

1. Na+/K+/2Cl− co-transport mediates a bidirectional symport of Na+, K+ and Cl−. The important properties of the co-transport system are its requirement for Na+, K+ and Cl− and its inhibition by loop diuretics such as bumetanide. This co-transporter has been described in a number of animal and human tissues. However, its presence in human platelets, although inferred, has not been demonstrated directly. 2. We have studied the efflux of 86Rb+ (a marker for K+) from Rb+-loaded platelets, and have defined their response to stimulation by high concentrations of external K+. 3. KCl (30–120 mmol/l) stimulated a concentration-dependent increase in 86Rb+ efflux from the platelets. This efflux was completely inhibited by bumetanide (10 μmol/l) but was insensitive to ouabain and R(+)-[(dihydroindenyl)oxy]alkanoic acid. It also required Cl− in the external medium, but did not depend on the presence of extracellular Na+. 4. These observations suggest that 86Rb+ efflux from platelets stimulated by external K+ occurs via Na+/K+/2Cl− co-transport acting in a K+/K+ (K+/Rb+) exchange mode. 5. Non-stimulated efflux of 86Rb+ from the platelets (i.e. in the presence of 5 mmol/l K+) had the characteristics of Na+/K+/2Cl− co-transport acting in normal mode.