α-Difluoromethylornithine-resistant cell lines obtained after one-step selection of Leishmania mexicana promastigote cultures

Abstract

Proliferation of Leishmania mexicana promastigotes in synthetic medium can be blocked by the depletion of intracellular polyamine pools induced by the presence of d,l-α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), a specific and irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Here we report that DFMO-resistant cell lines growing normally at DFMO levels of 10 mM have been obtained from non-proliferating cultures after a single-step selection in the presence of high concentrations of the drug. The DFMO-resistant promastigotes underwent a morphological transformation into an ‘amastigote-like’ form after incubation for several hours at gradually increasing temperatures up to 35 °C. The uptake of DFMO was not significantly altered in the drug-resistant cell lines but in both cases (promastigote and ‘amastigote-like’ forms) the ODC specific activity was increased approx. 15-fold over the normal enzymic levels found in the wild-type Leishmania. The enzyme affinities for its substrate and for DFMO gave very similar values in the drug-resistant promastigotes and the wild-type parasites. In contrast, ODC from the ‘amastigote-like’Leishmania showed a higher affinity for ornithine and a decreased capacity for the binding of DFMO. An 80-fold amplification of the ODC gene and a corresponding increase in its transcripts have been detected in both DFMO-resistant Leishmania cell lines. The drug-resistant phenotypes with their characteristic morphologies, the increased levels of ODC activity and the amplification of the ODC gene have been stable for at least 6 months in the absence of selective pressure.