Caloric restriction increases free radicals and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in mice infected with Salmonella Typhimurium

Author:

Trujillo-Ferrara José1,Campos-Rodríguez Rafael1,Lara-Padilla Eleazar1,Ramírez-Rosales Daniel2,Correa Basurto José1,Miliar Garcia Angel1,Reyna Garfias Humberto1,Zamorano Ulloa Rafael2,Rosales-Hernández Martha C.1

Affiliation:

1. Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación y Departamento de Bioquímica de la Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, D.F. 11340, Mexico

2. Departamento de Física, ESFM, IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional S/N, Edif. 9 U.P. Zacatenco, Col. San pedro Zacatenco, México, D.F. 07738, Mexico

Abstract

It is well known that CR (caloric restriction) reduces oxidative damage to proteins, lipids and DNA, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. However, information concerning the effect of CR on the host response to infection is sparse. In this study, 6-month-old mice that were fed AL (ad libitum) or with a CR diet were infected with Salmonella serovar Typhimurium. EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance; also known as ESR (electron spin resonance)) was used to identify FRs (free radicals). These results were subsequently correlated with SOD (superoxide dismutase) catalytic activity, iNOS [inducible NOS (nitric oxide synthase) or NOSII] expression and NO (nitric oxide) content. EPR analysis of liver samples demonstrated that there was a higher quantity of FRs and iron–nitrosyl complex in infected mice provided with a CR diet as compared with those on an AL diet, indicating that CR was beneficial by increasing the host response to Salmonella Typhimurium. Furthermore, in infected mice on the CR diet, NOSII expression was higher, NO content was greater and spleen colonization was lower, compared with mice on the AL diet. No changes in SOD activity were detected, indicating that the NO produced participated more in the formation of iron–nitrosyl complexes than peroxynitrite. These results suggest that CR exerts a protective effect against Salmonella Typhimurium infection by increasing NO production.

Publisher

Portland Press Ltd.

Subject

Cell Biology,Molecular Biology,Biochemistry,Biophysics

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