Functional expression and characterization of the Trypanosoma brucei procyclic glucose transporter, THT2

Abstract

The gene encoding THT2, one of two hexose-transporter isoforms present in Trypanosoma brucei, has been expressed in both Xenopus laevis oocytes and a stably transfected line of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The heterologously expressed gene encodes a protein with pharmacological and kinetic parameters similar to those of the hexose transporter measured in procyclic-culture-form trypanosomes. The substrate recognition of the THT2 transporter differed from that of the THT1 isoform, which is expressed only in bloodstream forms, in that: (i) it has a relatively high affinity for substrate with a Km of 59 microM for 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DOG) and a similar high affinity for D-glucose (compared with Km of 0.5 mM for 2-DOG in bloodstream forms); (ii) the affinity for 6-deoxy-D-glucose (6-DOG) is two orders of magnitude lower than that for D-glucose, whereas the bloodstream-form transporter recognizes D-glucose and its 6-DOG analogue with similar affinity; (iii) the bloodstream-form transporter, but not THT2, recognizes 3-fluoro-3-deoxy-D-glucose. D-Fructose-transport capacity and insensitivity to D-galactose was also found in THT2-expressing CHO cells and procyclic trypanosomes. We conclude from these cumulative results that the THT2 gene encodes the transporter responsible for hexose transport in procyclic trypanosomes. The transport of 2-DOG in procyclic organisms was inhibited by both the protonophore, carbonyl cyanide 4-trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazone (FCCP), and KCN, suggesting a requirement for a protonmotive force. However, sensitivity to these reagents depended on the external substrate concentration, with uptake being unaffected at substrate concentrations higher than 2 mM. THT2 expressed in CHO cells behaved as a facilitated transporter, and was unaffected by FCCP or KCN over the whole substrate concentration range tested.