The gene encoding human retinoic acid-receptor-related orphan receptor α is a target for hypoxia-inducible factor 1

Abstract

Retinoic acid-receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) α is a nuclear receptor involved in many pathophysiological processes such as cerebellar ataxia, inflammation, atherosclerosis and angiogenesis. In the present study we first demonstrate that hypoxia increases the amount of Rora transcripts in a wide panel of cell lines derived from diverse tissues. In addition, we identified a functional promoter sequence upstream of the first exon of the human Rora gene, spanning −487 and −45 from the translation initiation site of RORα1. When cloned in a luciferase reporter vector, this sequence allowed the efficient transcription of the luciferase gene in several cell lines. Interestingly, the activity of the Rora promoter was enhanced by hypoxia in HepG2 human hepatoma cells, and this effect was dependent on an HRE (hypoxia response element) spanning from −229 to −225. Using electrophoretic-mobility-shift assays, we showed that HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor 1), which plays a key role in the transcriptional response to hypoxia, bound to this HRE. Overexpression of HIF-1α increased the activity of the Rora promoter through the HRE. Overexpression of a dominant-negative form of HIF-1α producing transcriptionally inactive HIF-1α/HIF-1β dimers abolished hypoxic activation of the Rora promoter. This indicated that HIF-1 is involved in the response of RORα to hypoxia. Taken together, our data reveal Rora as a new HIF-1 target gene. This illustrates, at the molecular level, the existence of cross-talk between signalling pathways mediated by HIF-1 and those mediated by nuclear receptors.