Emerging roles of lamins and DNA damage repair mechanisms in ovarian cancer

Abstract

Lamins are type V intermediate filament proteins which are ubiquitously present in all metazoan cells providing a platform for binding of chromatin and related proteins, thereby serving a wide range of nuclear functions including DNA damage repair. Altered expression of lamins in different subtypes of cancer is evident from researches worldwide. But whether cancer is a consequence of this change or this change is a consequence of cancer is a matter of future investigation. However changes in the expression levels of lamins is reported to have direct or indirect association with cancer progression or have regulatory roles in common neoplastic symptoms like higher nuclear deformability, increased genomic instability and reduced susceptibility to DNA damaging agents. It has already been proved that loss of A type lamin positively regulates cathepsin L, eventually leading to degradation of several DNA damage repair proteins, hence impairing DNA damage repair pathways and increasing genomic instability. It is established in ovarian cancer, that the extent of alteration in nuclear morphology can determine the degree of genetic changes and thus can be utilized to detect low to high form of serous carcinoma. In this review, we have focused on ovarian cancer which is largely caused by genomic alterations in the DNA damage response pathways utilizing proteins like RAD51, BRCA1, 53BP1 which are regulated by lamins. We have elucidated the current understanding of lamin expression in ovarian cancer and its implications in the regulation of DNA damage response pathways that ultimately result in telomere deformation and genomic instability.