New insights into promoter–enhancer communication mechanisms revealed by dynamic single-molecule imaging

Abstract

Establishing cell-type-specific gene expression programs relies on the action of distal enhancers, cis-regulatory elements that can activate target genes over large genomic distances — up to Mega-bases away. How distal enhancers physically relay regulatory information to target promoters has remained a mystery. Here, we review the latest developments and insights into promoter–enhancer communication mechanisms revealed by live-cell, real-time single-molecule imaging approaches.