A new class of Paramecium surface proteins anchored in the plasma membrane by a glycosylinositol phospholipid. Membrane anchor of Paramecium cross-reacting glycoproteins

Abstract

Treatment of paramecia with ethanol or Triton X-100 solubilizes a major membrane protein, namely the surface antigen (SAg), and a set of glycopeptides in the range 40-60 kDa, which cross-react with the SAg. We demonstrate that these glycopeptides, called ‘cross-reacting glycoproteins’ (CRGs), are distinct molecules from the SAg. First, after purification of CRGs from ethanolic extracts of Paramecium primaurelia expressing the 156G SAg, the amino acid composition of a given CRG was found to be different from, and incompatible with, that of the 156G SAg. Secondly, we showed that the CRGs, although not immunologically detectable, are present in fractions containing the myristoylated form of the 156G SAg. The treatment of these fractions by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases C enables us to reveal the CRGs through the unmasking of two distinct epitopes. One is the ‘cross-reacting determinant’ (CRD), initially described for the variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs) of Trypanosoma; the other determinant, called ‘det-2355’, is specific to the SAg and to the CRGs. Our results suggest that (1) phosphatidylinositol is covalently linked to the CRGs and (2) the CRD and the det-2355 are localized in the same region of the CRGs. We propose that the CRGs are a new set of surface proteins anchored in the cell membrane of Paramecium via a glycosylinositol phospholipid, in the same way as the SAgs.