Visualizing the organization and reorganization of transcription complexes for gene expression

Author:

Burrows Patricia C.1,Wigneshweraraj Sivaramesh2,Bose Dan3,Joly Nicolas1,Schumacher Jörg1,Rappas Mathieu4,Pape Tilmann3,Stockley Peter G.5,Zhang Xiaodong3,Buck Martin1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Molecular Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.

2. Department of Microbiology, Division of Investigative Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Centre for Molecular Microbiology & Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.

3. Division of Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.

4. The Institute of Cancer Research, Section of Structural Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, U.K.

5. Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT

Abstract

Regulated gene expression requires control of the transcription machinery, frequently through the establishment of different functional states of the transcribing enzyme RNA polymerase and its attendant activator proteins. In bacteria, major adaptive responses use an enhancer-dependent RNA polymerase, activated for transcription by a class of ATPases that remodel initial promoter complexes to form transcriptionally proficient open promoter complexes. In the present article, we summarize the integrated use of site-specific protein cleavage and DNA cross-linking methods, as well as FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) in combination with X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy to gain insight into the organization of the enhancer-dependent σ54–RNA polymerase and the ATPase-driven activation mechanism.

Publisher

Portland Press Ltd.

Subject

Biochemistry

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