Formation of the ether lipids archaetidylglycerol and archaetidylethanolamine in Escherichia coli

Author:

Caforio Antonella1,Jain Samta1,Fodran Peter2,Siliakus Melvin3,Minnaard Adriaan J.2,van der Oost John3,Driessen Arnold J.M.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands; The Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands

2. Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands

3. Department of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 10, 6703HB Wageningen, The Netherlands

Abstract

In archaea, the membrane phospholipids consist of isoprenoid hydrocarbon chains that are ether-linked to a sn-glycerol1-phosphate backbone. This unique structure is believed to be vital for the adaptation of these micro-organisms to extreme environments, but it also reflects an evolutionary marker that distinguishes archaea from bacteria and eukaryotes. CDP–archaeol is the central precursor for polar head group attachment. We examined various bacterial enzymes involved in the attachment of L-serine and glycerol as polar head groups for their promiscuity in recognizing CDP–archaeol as a substrate. Using a combination of mutated bacterial and archaeal enzymes, archaetidylethanolamine (AE) and archaetidylglycerol (AG) could be produced in vitro using nine purified enzymes while starting from simple building blocks. The ether lipid pathway constituted by a set of archaeal and bacterial enzymes was introduced into Escherichia coli, which resulted in the biosynthesis of AE and AG. This is a further step in the reprogramming of E. coli for ether lipid biosynthesis.

Publisher

Portland Press Ltd.

Subject

Cell Biology,Molecular Biology,Biochemistry

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