Study on Declined Breeding Behavior of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) and Factors Affecting its Population in Tando Allahyar, Sindh

Abstract

In this world, different terrestrial bird species are major factor that contribute significantly to biodiversity, especially in green vegetated areas on land and in marine or freshwater environments. Objective: To find out the declined breeding biology of House Sparrow bird, belonging to the Passeridae family, worldwide. The female Sparrow has a dull color, while the male is brightly colored and is mostly found in rural areas with human populations nearby. Methods: The study was conducted in three different villages in Taluka Jhando Mari from March 2023 to March 2024. Results: A total of 108 clutches were observed, with a total of 436 eggs. Out of these, 351 eggs hatched, resulting in an 82% hatching success rate, while 35 (9.34%) eggs were non-fertile and 43 (11.01%) were broken or damaged. The maximum number of populations was recorded in June, and the minimum in December in different Talukas. Conclusions: It is concluded that the variation in the population and breeding biology of House Sparrows can be increased by providing artificial nests during the breeding season from March to June.