Recent Sensitivity Pattern of Salmonella Typhi in a tertiary care Hospital

Abstract

Salmonella typhi is the main cause of the enteric fever in Homo sapiens. The topic of the concern now a day is the emerging multidrug resistance. It causes the disease of intestinal tract known as enteric fever, while Salmonella paratyphi cause the paratyphoid fever. This infection is waterborne and foodborne. Approximately 12 – 33 million people suffered from the typhoid fever annually around the globe. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity patterns of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi. It is a retrospective study, conducted at the Medicine Department of Sahara Medical College, Narowal and Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi. Methods: The blood sample of 306 patients visiting the teaching hospital of our institute were collected. The samples were tested to evaluate the antimicrobial sensitivity. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used. The E-test was leveraged for obtaining MIC of ciprofloxacin, while agar dilution method was utilized for obtaining MIC of azithromycin. Results: The samples were collected from patients. Out of the 306 sample, 177 samples were of S. paratyphi and other 127 were of S. typhi. 56% sample showed the sensitivity to ciprofloxacin antibiotic, while 281 samples showed sensitivity to nalidixic antibody. According to the MIC criteria 94% sample isolate were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and 46% to azithromycin. While 31% sample were resistant to it. 90% of the samples were susceptible to ampicillin while other 95% to trimoxazole. Conclusion: The co-trimoxazole and ampicillin care highly suggested for the management of the enteric fever. Ciprofloxacin resistance cannot be accurately measured by Nalidixic acid resistance screening. The samples also showcased emerging resistance against azithromycin.