Evaluation of the Frequency and Severity of Peripheral Artery Disease Using Ankle Brachial Index among Patients Undergoing Coronary Angioplasty

Abstract

One of the important markers for the risk stratification of patients with coronary artery disease is peripheral artery disease (PAD). Objective: To define the severity and frequency of peripheral artery disease using ABI among patients undergoing coronary angioplasty. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at department of adult cardiology Tabba Heart Institute Karachi, Pakistan. This research was conducted for the duration of 6 months from 10th Dec 2019 to 10th June 2020. 120 patients met the inclusion criteria. They were admitted to the department of adult Cardiology. In all cases, patient’s detailed history was taken after taking informed and written consent. The ankle brachial index (ABI) was calculated as per the operational definition to reach the outcome PAD and its severity.  Results: A total of 120 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty were included. 89 (74.2%) were males & 31 (25.8%) were females with the mean age of 58.89+10.190 years. The PAD was seen in 9 patients (7.5%) and the severity of PAD was severe in 0(0%) patients, mild in 6(5%), and moderate in 3(2.5%).  Conclusions: In conclusion, peripheral artery disease of the lower leg is not much frequent in patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention with coronary artery disease but it is associated with disease severity and it & its severity increases with the increase in age and predominant in male gender. The peripheral artery disease severity is also significantly associated with body mass index & obesity.