A Retrospective Review of Chronic Non-Communicable Dermatoses Among Older Adults at a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Southwestern Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Aging is a ubiquitous human trait that predisposes older persons to chronic diseases. Compared with systemic non-communicable diseases, a significant gap exists in literature on the burden of non-communicable dermatoses (NCDs) amongst older adults, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to document the epidemiology and clinical pattern of non-communicable skin diseases among older adults in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of ambulant adults aged ≥60 years referred for dermatological care at a teaching hospital in Southwestern Nigeria between February 2017 and February 2022. The frequency and pattern of NCDS were recorded for descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS 20 statistics software.  The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Result : A total of 553 medical records were reviewed with a female: male ratio of 1.3:1 The mean age of the study population was 68.85 ±7.87. Six out of every 10 patients (60.6%) had at least one chronic NCD. The incidence of chronic NCDs declined with increasing age. Chronic eczemas (22.4%), pigmentary dermatoses (9.4%), and skin tumors (8.7%) were the most frequent chronic non-communicable dermatoses recorded. Older males had a significantly higher incidence of chronic eczemas while chronic urticarias and skin tumors demonstrated significant female preponderance. Conclusion: There is a high burden of Chronic NCDs with significant gender disparities among older adults with skin problems in Nigeria. Pre-emptive planning and resource allocation towards specialist geriatric-dermatology services are needed to address the skin-health needs of the growing geriatric population.