PRINCIPLES OF CLOSED-LOOP ECONOMY IN THE LEGISLATION OF DEVELOPED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Abstract

The problem of waste management has predetermined the actuality for the countries of the world, including the Russian Federation, to switch from a linear consumption model to a closed-cycle economy model. For the Russian Federation, which plans to develop a federal law on the closed-loop economy in 2024, it is relevant to take into account the experience of developed European countries. The article examines the practices of the transition of developed European countries to a closed-cycle economy, analyzes the legislative consolidation of the principles of a closed-cycle economy. The legislation of the European Union and the national legislation of Sweden, Finland, Germany, Great Britain and France were analyzed. The study revealed that the circular economy has been fixed in waste legislation by separate provisions evolutionarily since the 1970s, while the legislation of the European Union on waste is constantly being improved, adopting the experience of countries such as Sweden, Finland and Germany. The identified basic provisions and principles were translated, compared in semantic and terminological meaning, systematized and grouped into 7 basic principles that can form the basis for the development of the concept of a circular economy or legislative regulation of the closed-cycle economy in the Russian Federation.