1. Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
2. Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham2Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham3Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
3. Jefferson County Health System, Cooper Green Mercy Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama
4. Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham
5. Division of Diabetes Translation, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia