1. Veterans Administration, Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California
2. National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
3. Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
4. Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
5. Department of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles
6. Office of Health Informatics and Analytics, UCLA Health, University of California, Los Angeles
7. Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, University of California, Los Angeles