1. Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
2. Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
3. Predictive Healthcare, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia
4. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
5. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia
6. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
7. The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
8. Corporal Michael J. Cresencz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania