Perceived Economic Burden, Mortality, and Health Status in Patients With Heart Failure

Abstract

ImportanceIn the face of an emerging heart failure (HF) epidemic, describing the association between perceived economic burden (PEB) and health care outcomes is an important step toward more equitable and achievable care.ObjectivesTo examine the association between PEB and risk of 1-year clinical outcomes and HF–specific health status in patients with acute decompensated HF.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective, multicenter, hospital-based cohort study prospectively enrolled adult patients hospitalized for acute decompensated HF at 52 hospitals in China from August 2016 to May 2018, with 1-year follow-up. Data were analyzed on June 17, 2022.ExposurePerceived economic burden, categorized as severe (cannot undertake expenses), moderate (can almost undertake expenses), or little (can easily undertake expenses).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe clinical outcomes of the study were 1-year all-cause death and rehospitalization for HF. Heart failure–specific health status was assessed by the 12-Item Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ-12).ResultsAmong 3386 patients, median age was 67 years (IQR, 58-75 years) and 2116 (62.5%) were men. Of these patients, 404 (11.9%) had severe PEB; 2021 (59.7%), moderate PEB; and 961 (28.4%), little PEB. Compared with patients with little PEB, those with severe PEB had increased risk of 1-year mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.61; 95% CI, 1.21-2.13; P < .001) but not 1-year HF rehospitalization (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.98-1.49; P = .07). The mean (SD) adjusted KCCQ-12 score was lowest in patients with severe PEB and highest in patients with little PEB at baseline (40.0 [1.7] and 50.2 [1.0] points, respectively; P < .001) and at each visit (eg, 12 months: 61.5 [1.6] and 75.5 [0.9] points respectively; P < .001). Patients reporting severe PEB had a clinically significant lower 1-year KCCQ-12 score compared with those reporting little PEB (mean difference, −11.3 points; 95% CI, −14.9 to −7.6 points; P < .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with acute decompensated HF, greater PEB was associated with higher risk of mortality and poorer health status but not with risk of HF rehospitalization. The findings suggest that PEB may serve as a convenient tool for risk estimation and as a potential target for quality-improvement interventions for patients with HF.