1. Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
2. Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
3. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
4. Department of Anesthesia, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California