1. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
2. TXP Medical Co Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
3. Department of Emergency Medicine, Okinawa Prefectural Chubu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
4. Department of Critical Care Medicine, St Luke’s International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
6. Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
7. Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston