1. Palliative and Advanced Illness Research Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
2. Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
3. Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
4. Translational Research for Affordability and Quality, HealthCore Inc, Wilmington, Delaware
5. Anthem Inc, Indianapolis, Indiana
6. AIM Specialty Health, Deerfield, Illinois
7. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
8. Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia