1. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
2. Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
3. Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
4. Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
5. Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Chest and Heart Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
6. Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark