1. Section of Trauma, Acute Care Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
2. Division of Acute Care Surgery, Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
3. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
4. Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
5. Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
6. Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland