Safety of Withholding Perioperative Hydrocortisone for Patients With Pituitary Adenomas With an Intact Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis
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Published:2022-11-16
Issue:11
Volume:5
Page:e2242221
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ISSN:2574-3805
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Container-title:JAMA Network Open
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language:en
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Short-container-title:JAMA Netw Open
Author:
Guo Xiaopeng1, Zhang Duoxing2, Pang Haiyu3, Wang Zihao1, Gao Lu1, Wang Yu1, Ma Wenbin1, Lian Wei1, Xing Bing1, Xu Xiaolin4, Wu Xiang’an4, Xue Yongxing4, Jia Xinyu4, Tian Yajie4, Zhao Ke4, Liang Zhengyun4, Zhang Mingzi4, Huang Zonglin4, Leng Junsheng4, Zhong Xuewei4, Zhao Zijun4, Wang Yi’ou4, Zhang Jingcheng4, Yang Xiaohua4, Dong Miao4,
Affiliation:
1. Department of Neurosurgery, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of Ministry of Health, China Pituitary Adenoma Specialist Council, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China 2. Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China 3. Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China 4. for the ZS-2608 Trial Team
Abstract
ImportancePituitary adenoma is the second most common primary brain tumor. Perioperative hydrocortisone has been used for decades to avoid postoperative adrenal insufficiency. Recent studies suggest that withholding perioperative hydrocortisone may be safe for patients with an intact hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.ObjectiveTo assess the safety of withholding hydrocortisone during the perioperative period of pituitary adenoma surgery for patients with an intact HPA axis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA parallel-group, triple-masked, noninferiority randomized clinical trial was conducted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 1, 2020, to January 31, 2022, among 436 patients aged 18 to 70 years with an intact HPA axis undergoing surgery for pituitary adenomas.InterventionsHydrocortisone supplementation protocol (intravenous and subsequent oral hydrocortisone, using a taper program) or no-hydrocortisone protocol.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the incidence of new-onset adrenal insufficiency (morning cortisol level, <5 μg/dL with adrenal insufficiency–related symptoms) during the perioperative period (on the day of operation and the following 2 days). The secondary outcome was the incidence of adrenal insufficiency in postoperative month 3. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis.ResultsOf the 436 eligible patients, 218 were randomly assigned to the hydrocortisone group (136 women [62.4%]; mean [SD] age, 45.4 [13.0] years) and 218 to the no-hydrocortisone group (128 women [58.7%]; mean [SD] age, 44.5 [13.8] years). All patients completed 3-month postoperative follow-up. The incidence of new-onset adrenal insufficiency during the perioperative period was 11.0% (24 of 218; 95% CI, 6.9%-15.2%) in the no-hydrocortisone group and 6.4% (14 of 218; 95% CI, 3.2%-9.7%) in the hydrocortisone group, with a difference of 4.6% (95% CI, −0.7% to 9.9%), meeting the prespecified noninferiority margin of 10 percentage points. The incidence of adrenal insufficiency at the 3-month follow-up was 3.7% (8 of 218) in the no-hydrocortisone group and 3.2% (7 of 218) in the hydrocortisone group (difference, 0.5%; 95% CI, −3.0% to 3.9%). Incidences of new-onset diabetes mellitus (1 of 218 [0.5%] vs 9 of 218 [4.1%]), hypernatremia (9 of 218 [4.1%] vs 21 of 218 [9.6%]), hypokalemia (23 of 218 [10.6%] vs 34 of 218 [15.6%]), and hypocalcemia (6 of 218 [2.8%] vs 19 of 218 [8.7%]) were lower in the no-hydrocortisone group than in the hydrocortisone group. Lower preoperative morning cortisol levels were associated with higher risks of the primary event (<9.3 µg/dL; odds ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.5-5.9) and the secondary event (<8.8 µg/dL; odds ratio, 7.8; 95% CI, 2.6-23.4) events.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that withholding hydrocortisone was safe and demonstrated noninferiority to the conventional hydrocortisone supplementation regimen regarding the incidence of new-onset adrenal insufficiency among patients with an intact HPA axis undergoing pituitary adenomectomy.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04621565
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Cited by
10 articles.
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