Unmet Social Needs and Breast Cancer Screening Utilization and Stage at Presentation

Abstract

ImportanceUnmet social needs in local populations may hinder the development of targeted cancer control interventions aimed at improving screening utilization and early-stage breast cancer diagnosis to ultimately improve breast cancer survival disparities.ObjectiveTo evaluate if (1) city-funded screening mammography is associated with utilization of screening mammography, (2) unmet social needs are associated with utilization of screening mammography, and (3) unmet social needs are associated with later-stage disease at diagnosis.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study included patients with stages I-IV invasive ductal or lobular carcinoma treated at an academic medical center (including both an underserved safety-net hospital [SNH] and a National Cancer Institute–designated academic cancer center [ACC]) from 2020 to 2023. Eligible patients were aged 18 years or older and able to consent. Data were analyzed between July 2023 and September 2023.ExposureThe Health Leads Social Needs Screening Toolkit, a screening tool that gathers information on the most common social need domains affecting patient health.Main Outcomes and MeasuresUnivariable and multivariable logistic regression was utilized to evaluate the following primary outcomes: (1) routine screening mammography and (2) American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition clinical stage at presentation.ResultsOf the 322 women who completed the Health Leads Social Needs Screening Toolkit, 201 (62%) self-identified as Hispanic, 63 (19%) as non-Hispanic Black, and 63 (19%) as non-Hispanic White. Two hundred fifty-five (76%) patients with access to city-funded screening mammography completed a screening mammogram. Patients who presented to the SNH were more likely to present with late-stage disease compared with early-stage disease (15 of 48 [31%] vs 50 of 274 [18%]; P = .04). On multivariable logistic regression, not completing a screening mammography was associated with having an increasing number of unmet social needs (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55-0.99; P = .047) and an increasing age at diagnosis (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96; P < .001). Moreover, increasing unmet social needs was significantly associated with late-stage diagnosis above and beyond screening mammography (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.01-1.89; P = .04).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, access to screening mammography did not translate to utilization of screening mammography, increasing unmet social needs were significantly associated with lower rates of screening mammography, and those with increasing unmet social needs were more likely to present with late-stage disease. This association transcended recruitment site (SNH vs ACC), indicating that patients in either hospital setting may benefit from unmet social needs screening to overcome access to care barriers associated with late-stage disease at diagnosis.