Screen Time at Age 1 Year and Communication and Problem-Solving Developmental Delay at 2 and 4 Years

Author:

Takahashi Ippei1,Obara Taku123,Ishikuro Mami12,Murakami Keiko2,Ueno Fumihiko12,Noda Aoi123,Onuma Tomomi12,Shinoda Genki12,Nishimura Tomoko45,Tsuchiya Kenji J.45,Kuriyama Shinichi126

Affiliation:

1. Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

2. Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

3. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan

4. United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

5. Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan

6. International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Abstract

ImportanceWhether some domains of child development are specifically associated with screen time and whether the association continues with age remain unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the association between screen time exposure among children aged 1 year and 5 domains of developmental delay (communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal and social skills) at age 2 and 4 years.Design, Participants, and SettingThis cohort study was conducted under the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Pregnant women at 50 obstetric clinics and hospitals in the Miyagi and Iwate prefectures in Japan were recruited into the study between July 2013 and March 2017. The information was collected prospectively, and 7097 mother-child pairs were included in the analysis. Data analysis was performed on March 20, 2023.ExposureFour categories of screen time exposure were identified for children aged 1 year (<1, 1 to <2, 2 to <4, or ≥4 h/d).Main Outcomes and MeasuresDevelopmental delays in the 5 domains for children aged 2 and 4 years were assessed using the Japanese version of the Ages & Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition. Each domain ranged from 0 to 60 points. Developmental delay was defined if the total score for each domain was less than 2 SDs from its mean score.ResultsOf the 7097 children in this study, 3674 were boys (51.8%) and 3423 were girls (48.2%). With regard to screen time exposure per day, 3440 children (48.5%) had less than 1 hour, 2095 (29.5%) had 1 to less than 2 hours, 1272 (17.9%) had 2 to less than 4 hours, and 290 (4.1%) had 4 or more hours. Children’s screen time was associated with a higher risk of developmental delay at age 2 years in the communication (odds ratio [OR], 1.61 [95% CI, 1.23-2.10] for 1 to <2 h/d; 2.04 [1.52-2.74] for 2 to <4 h/d; 4.78 [3.24-7.06] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d), fine motor (1.74 [1.09-2.79] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d), problem-solving (1.40 [1.02-1.92] for 2 to <4 h/d; 2.67 [1.72-4.14] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d), and personal and social skills (2.10 [1.39-3.18] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d) domains. Regarding risk of developmental delay at age 4 years, associations were identified in the communication (OR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.20-2.25] for 2 to <4 h/d; 2.68 [1.68-4.27] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d) and problem-solving (1.91 [1.17-3.14] for ≥4 vs <1 h/d) domains.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, greater screen time for children aged 1 year was associated with developmental delays in communication and problem-solving at ages 2 and 4 years. These findings suggest that domains of developmental delay should be considered separately in future discussions on screen time and child development.

Publisher

American Medical Association (AMA)

Subject

Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

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