1. Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
2. Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
3. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
4. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
5. Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
6. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
7. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
8. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yijishan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
9. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
10. Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and Beijing, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
11. Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
12. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
13. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
14. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
15. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
16. Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
17. Department of Critical Care Medicine, First People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong, China
18. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
19. Department of Emergency, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
20. Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Science and Technology University, Luoyang, Henan, China
21. Hunan Provincial Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
22. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
23. Department of Emergency, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
24. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
25. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
26. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, China
27. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
28. Department of Respiration, Chinese PLA General Hospital of Rocket Forces, Beijing, China
29. Department of Anesthesiology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
30. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
31. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
32. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, China
33. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
34. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
35. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
36. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin North Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
37. Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
38. Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
39. Department of Emergency, Chinese PLA Wuhan General Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
40. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
41. Department of Emergency, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
42. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
43. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
44. Department of Emergency, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
45. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
46. Department of Emergency, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
47. Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
48. State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, China
49. First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
50. Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
51. for the EXIT-SEP Investigators