1. Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts2Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
2. Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts4Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston5National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
3. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts6Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
4. Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
5. Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts2Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts8Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts