1. Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
2. Section of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
3. Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
4. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut
5. Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston