1. Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
2. National Clinician Scholars Program, University of Michigan Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, Ann Arbor
3. Michigan Value Collaborative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
4. Michigan Program on Value Enhancement, Ann Arbor
5. VA Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
6. Department of Internal Medicine and Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor