1. National Clinician Scholars Program, Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
2. School of Nursing, Yale University, Orange, Connecticut
3. Section of General Medicine, National Clinician Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
4. Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
5. Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale–New Haven Health System, New Haven, Connecticut