1. Department of Surgery, Section of Otolaryngology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn (Dr Gordon); New England Surgical Center at The Retreat at Split Rock, Wilton, Conn (Dr Gordon); Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook (Dr Koch); and Resource Anesthesiology Associates, PC, New Rochelle, NY (Dr Koch).