Dupilumab Drug Survival and Associated Predictors in Patients With Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis

Abstract

ImportanceLong-term data on dupilumab drug survival in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are scarce. Furthermore, little is known about the factors associated with drug survival of dupilumab in AD.ObjectiveTo describe the drug survival of dupilumab in patients with AD and to identify associated predictors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study was based on data from the multicenter prospective daily practice BioDay registry, in which 4 university and 10 nonuniversity hospitals in the Netherlands participated. Analysis included patients (age ≥18 years) participating in the BioDay registry with a follow-up of at least 4 weeks. The first patient treated with dupilumab was recorded in the BioDay registry in October 2017; data lock took place in December 2020, and data analysis was performed from October 2017 to December 2020.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDrug survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and associated characteristics by using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.ResultsA total of 715 adult patients with AD (mean [SD] age, 41.8 [16.0] years; 418 [58.5%] were male) were included with a 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year overall dupilumab drug survival of 90.3%, 85.9%, and 78.6%, respectively. Characteristics associated with shorter drug survival owing to ineffectiveness were the use of immunosuppressant drugs at baseline (hazard ratio [HR], 2.64; 95% CI, 1.10-6.37) and being a nonresponder at 4 weeks (HR, 8.68; 95% CI, 2.97-25.35). Characteristics associated with shorter drug survival owing to adverse effects were the use of immunosuppressant drugs at baseline (HR, 2.69; 95% CI, 1.32-5.48), age 65 years or older (HR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.10-7.87), and Investigator Global Assessment score of very severe AD (HR, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.20-10.28).Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study demonstrated a good overall 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year dupilumab drug survival. Patients using immunosuppressive therapy at baseline and those with an absence of treatment effect at week 4 tended to discontinue treatment owing to ineffectiveness more frequently. Using immunosuppressant drugs at baseline, older age, and Investigator Global Assessment score of very severe AD were characteristics associated with an increased risk for discontinuation owing to adverse effects. These data provide more insight and new perspectives regarding dupilumab treatment in AD and can contribute to the optimization of patient outcomes.