1. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
2. Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
3. Stanford Law School, Stanford, California
4. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor
5. Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
6. Department of Otolaryngology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
7. Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
8. Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
9. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts