1. Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
2. Health Outcomes and PharmacoEconomic (HOPE) Research Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada3Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
3. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
4. Department of Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
5. Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California
6. George Institute for Global Health, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, Australia
7. Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
8. Toronto Health Economics and Technology Assessment (THETA) Collaborative, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
9. King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
10. Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre-Gen. Org, Jeddah—Saudi Arabia
11. Department of Intensive Care, Hospitalar Santa Casa, Porto Alegre, Brazil
12. Center for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Division of Critical Care Medicine, St Paul's Hospital and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
13. Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Transfusion and Critical Care Research, Department of Medicine (Critical Care), Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
14. Department of Anesthesiology, Dalhousie University, and the Capital District Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada16Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, and the Capital District Health Authority, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada17Department
15. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada20Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada2
16. Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada22Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
17. Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada24Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
18. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada26Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada27Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada28Footh
19. Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
20. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
21. Division of Pulmonary, Sleep, and Critical Care Medicine, Albert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
22. Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
23. Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, Intensive Care Barwon Health, Monash University School of Medicine, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
24. Critical Care Medicine, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
25. Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
26. Department of Medicine, Trillium Hospital, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
27. Intensive Care Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
28. ANZIC-RC Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
29. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada40Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada