1. Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix2Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Surgical Outcomes Division, Phoenix, Arizona
2. Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Surgical Outcomes Division, Phoenix, Arizona
3. Mayo Clinic Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Surgical Outcomes Division, Phoenix, Arizona3Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota
4. University HealthSystem Consortium, Chicago, Illinois5Department of Health Systems Management, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois