Global Mortality From Firearms, 1990-2016

Author:

,Naghavi Mohsen1,Marczak Laurie B.1,Kutz Michael1,Shackelford Katya Anne1,Arora Megha1,Miller-Petrie Molly1,Aichour Miloud Taki Eddine2,Akseer Nadia3,Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.4,Alam Khurshid5,Alghnam Suliman A.6,Antonio Carl Abelardo T.7,Aremu Olatunde8,Arora Amit910,Asadi-Lari Mohsen1112,Assadi Reza13,Atey Tesfay Mehari14,Avila-Burgos Leticia15,Awasthi Ashish1617,Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina1819,Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn20,Bärnighausen Till Winfried2122,Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad2324,Behzadifar Masoud25,Behzadifar Meysam26,Bennett James R.1,Bhalla Ashish27,Bhutta Zulfiqar A.328,Bilal Arebu Issa29,Borges Guilherme30,Borschmann Rohan3132,Brazinova Alexandra33,Campuzano Rincon Julio Cesar3435,Carvalho Félix36,Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A.3738,Dandona Lalit117,Dandona Rakhi117,Dargan Paul I.3940,De Leo Diego41,Dharmaratne Samath Dhamminda142,Ding Eric L.43,Phuc Do Huyen44,Doku David Teye4546,Doyle Kerrie E.47,Driscoll Tim Robert48,Edessa Dumessa49,El-Khatib Ziad50,Endries Aman Yesuf51,Esteghamati Alireza52,Faro Andre53,Farzadfar Farshad54,Feigin Valery L.155,Fischer Florian56,Foreman Kyle J.1,Franklin Richard Charles57,Fullman Nancy1,Futran Neal D.58,Gebrehiwot Tsegaye Tewelde59,Gutiérrez Reyna Alma60,Hafezi-Nejad Nima6162,Haghparast Bidgoli Hassan63,Hailu Gessessew Bugssa64,Haro Josep Maria6566,Hassen Hamid Yimam6768,Hawley Caitlin1,Hendrie Delia69,Híjar Martha7071,Hu Guoqing72,Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen73,Jakovljevic Mihajlo74,James Spencer L.1,Jayaraman Sudha75,Jonas Jost B.7677,Kahsay Amaha78,Kasaeian Amir7980,Keiyoro Peter Njenga81,Khader Yousef82,Khalil Ibrahim A.1,Khang Young-Ho8384,Khubchandani Jagdish85,Ahmad Kiadaliri Aliasghar86,Kieling Christian8788,Kim Yun Jin89,Kosen Soewarta90,Krohn Kristopher J.1,Kumar G. Anil17,Lami Faris Hasan91,Lansingh Van C.9293,Larson Heidi Jane194,Linn Shai95,Lunevicius Raimundas9697,Magdy Abd El Razek Hassan98,Magdy Abd El Razek Muhammed99,Malekzadeh Reza100101,Carvalho Malta Deborah102,Mason-Jones Amanda J.103,Matzopoulos Richard104105,Memiah Peter T. N.106,Mendoza Walter107,Meretoja Tuomo J.108109,Mezgebe Haftay Berhane110,Miller Ted R.69111,Mohammed Shafiu21112,Moradi-Lakeh Maziar113,Mori Rintaro114,Nand Devina115116,Tat Nguyen Cuong44,Le Nguyen Quyen44,Ningrum Dina Nur Anggraini117118,Akpojene Ogbo Felix119,Olagunju Andrew T.120121,Patton George C.122123,Phillips Michael R.124,Polinder Suzanne125,Pourmalek Farshad126,Qorbani Mostafa127,Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin128,Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa129,Rahman Mahfuzar130,Rai Rajesh Kumar131132,Ranabhat Chhabi Lal133,Rawaf David Laith134135,Rawaf Salman136137,Rowhani-Rahbar Ali138,Safdarian Mahdi139,Safiri Saeid140,Sagar Rajesh141,Salama Joseph S.1,Sanabria Juan142143,Santric Milicevic Milena M.144,Sarmiento-Suárez Rodrigo145,Sartorius Benn146,Satpathy Maheswar147,Schwebel David C.148,Seedat Soraya149,Sepanlou Sadaf G.100101,Shaikh Masood Ali150,Sharew Nigussie Tadesse151,Shiue Ivy152,Singh Jasvinder A.153154,Sisay Mekonnen49,Skirbekk Vegard155,Soares Filho Adauto Martins156,Stein Dan J.157158,Stokes Mark Andrew159,Sufiyan Mu’awiyyah Babale160,Swaroop Mamta161,Sykes Bryan L.162,Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael163,Tadese Fentaw164,Tran Bach Xuan165,Thanh Tran Tung44,Ukwaja Kingsley Nnanna166,Vasankari Tommi Juhani167,Vlassov Vasily168,Werdecker Andrea169,Ye Pengpeng170,Yip Paul171,Yonemoto Naohiro172,Younis Mustafa Z.173174,Zaidi Zoubida175176,El Sayed Zaki Maysaa177,Hay Simon I.1,Lim Stephen S.1,Lopez Alan D.1178,Mokdad Ali H.1,Vos Theo1,Murray Christopher J. L.1

Affiliation:

1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle

2. Higher National School of Veterinary Medicine, Algiers, Algeria

3. Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

4. Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

5. School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia

6. Department of Population Health, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

7. Department of Health Policy and Administration, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines

8. Department of Public and Community Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, England

9. School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia

10. Oral Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia

11. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

12. International Relations Department, Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

13. Education Development Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

14. Department of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

15. Center of Health System Research, The National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico

16. Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India

17. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India

18. The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

19. General Office for Research and Technological Transfer, Peruvian National Institute of Health, Lima, Peru

20. School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

21. Institute of Public Health, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

22. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts

23. Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Los Angeles, California

24. Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles

25. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorranmabad, Iran

26. Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorranmabad, Iran

27. Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India

28. Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

29. School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

30. Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramón de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico

31. Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

32. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

33. Institute of Epidemiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia

34. National Institute of Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico

35. Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Valle de Cuernavaca, Cuernavaca, Mexico

36. Ucibio, Requimte, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

37. Colombian National Health Observatory, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia

38. Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota, Colombia

39. Department of Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

40. Department of Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

41. Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, QLD, Australia

42. Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

43. Harvard School of Public Health, Department of Nutrition, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts

44. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam

45. Department of Population and Health, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana

46. Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland

47. School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology University (RMIT), Bundoora, VIC, Australia

48. Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

49. School of Pharmacy, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia

50. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

51. Department of Public Health, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

52. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

53. Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil

54. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

55. National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand

56. Department of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany

57. College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Science, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia

58. School of Medicine Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle

59. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

60. Epidemiological and Psychosocial Investigations, National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente, Mexico City, Mexico

61. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

62. Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

63. Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

64. Biomedical Science Division, School of Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

65. Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (CIBERSAM), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain

66. Department of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

67. Department of Public Health, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia

68. Unit of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium

69. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA, Australia

70. Research Coordination, Fundación Entornos AC, Cuernavaca, Mexico

71. CISS, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico

72. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China

73. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Liberia, Monrovia, Liberia

74. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia

75. Department of Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond

76. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

77. Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing, China

78. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia

79. Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

80. Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

81. School of Continuing and Distance Education, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

82. Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Alramtha, Jordan

83. Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

84. Institute of Health Policy and Management, SNU Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea

85. Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana

86. Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

87. Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

88. Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital of Clinics of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil

89. School of Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia

90. Independent Consultant, Jakarta, Indonesia

91. Department of Community and Family Medicine, Academy of Medical Science, Baghdad, Iraq

92. Helpmesee, New York, New York

93. Department of International Relations, Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro, Mexico

94. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

95. School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel

96. General Surgery Department, Aintree University Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust (NHS), Liverpool, United Kingdom

97. School of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

98. Department of Cardiology, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt

99. Ophthalmology Department, Aswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt

100. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

101. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

102. Departamento Materno Infantil e Saúde Publica, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

103. Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom

104. Burden of Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa

105. School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

106. Department of Public Health, University of West Florida, Pensacola

107. Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru

108. Comprehensive Cancer Center, Breast Surgery Unit, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

109. Department of Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

110. School of Pharmacy, Academy of Medical Science, Baghdad, Iraq

111. Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, Maryland

112. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

113. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

114. Department of Health Policy, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya, Japan

115. Health Information Unit, Ministry of Health, Suva, Fiji

116. Accamargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil

117. Public Health Department, Semarang State University, Kota Semarang, Indonesia

118. Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan

119. Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia

120. School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia

121. Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

122. Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

123. Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

124. Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

125. Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

126. School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

127. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran

128. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

129. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

130. Research and Evaluation Division, BRAC (Bangladesh Rehabilitation Assistance Committee), Dhaka, Bangladesh

131. Society for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India

132. Department of Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany

133. Institute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, South Korea

134. WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education & Training, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

135. University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom

136. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

137. Public Health England, London, United Kingdom

138. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle

139. Sina Trauma and Surgery Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

140. Managerial Epidemiology Research Center, Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran

141. Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India

142. Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia

143. Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

144. Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Social Medicine, Centre School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

145. Department of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá, Colombia

146. Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

147. UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India

148. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama

149. Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa

150. Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan

151. College of Health Science, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

152. Instituts Für Medizinische Epidemiologie, Biometrie Und Informatik, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Haale, Germany

153. School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham

154. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham

155. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

156. Department of Diseases and Noncommunicable Diseases and Health Promotion, Federal Ministry of Health, Brasilia, Brazil

157. South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa

158. Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

159. School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia

160. Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

161. Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois

162. Department of Criminology, Law, & Society, University of California Irvine

163. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain

164. Department of Public Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia

165. Department of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam

166. Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria

167. UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland

168. Department of Health Care Management and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia

169. Demographic Change and Ageing, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany

170. Division of Injury Prevention and Mental Health Improvement, National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xicheng District, China

171. Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China

172. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

173. Healthcare Management-Health Economics & Finance/Global Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, Missouri

174. Research Center for Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

175. Department of Epidemiology, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria

176. Faculty of Medical Sciences, A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Algiers, Algeria

177. Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

178. School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Publisher

American Medical Association (AMA)

Subject

General Medicine

Reference40 articles.

1. Gun violence and substance abuse.;Banks;Aggress Violent Behav,2017

2. Falling through the cracks: the decline of mental health care and firearm violence.;Meszaros;J Ment Health,2017

3. The transmission of gun and other weapon-involved violence within social networks.;Tracy;Epidemiol Rev,2016

4. Sex- and age-specific relations between economic development, economic inequality and homicide rates in people aged 0-24 years: a cross-sectional analysis.;Butchart;Bull World Health Organ,2002

5. What do we know about the association between firearm legislation and firearm-related injuries?;Santaella-Tenorio;Epidemiol Rev,2016

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