1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
2. Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe, Manchester, United Kingdom
3. Manchester Academic Critical Care, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
4. Department of Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
5. Global Tracheostomy Collaborative, Raleigh, North Carolina