1. Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
2. Yale Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research Center, New Haven, Connecticut
3. Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
4. Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
5. Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
6. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
7. Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut