1. Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
2. Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
3. Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
5. Injury Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
6. Veterans’ Affairs Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan
7. Michigan Center for Health Analytics and Medical Prediction, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor