1. HealthPartners Institute/Regions Hospital Emergency Medicine, St Paul, Minnesota
2. University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison
3. Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison
4. Biostatistical Design and Analysis Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
5. Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison
6. Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
7. Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
8. Section of Palliative Care and Medical Ethics, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania