1. Department of Emergency Medicine and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Perelman School of Medicine, and Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
2. currently a medical student at Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
3. Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California4Stanford Investigators for Surgery, Trauma, and Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
4. Stanford Investigators for Surgery, Trauma, and Emergency Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California5Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California